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LIBS
100 mJ-class LIBS laser Principles and Components
When a high-energy laser pulse is directed onto a material's surface, the laser's extremely high power density causes the surface to melt rapidly. Evaporation and vaporization create a plasma cloud near the material's surface, containing a high concentration of molecules, atoms, ions, electrons, and cluster structures. These particles rapidly diffuse along the normal direction of the sample's surface. Subsequently, the trailing edge of the laser pulse re-heats and ionizes these diffusing particles, ultimately giving rise to laser-induced plasma.
By using a spectrometer to analyze the emission spectra of atoms and ions in the plasma, we can identify the elemental composition of the sample, enabling material identification, classification, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, known in English as LIBS, is a technique. A LIBS system consists of high-energy Pulse laser, Laser focusing system 、 Spectral Collection System 、 Consisting of a spectrometer and analysis software 。
| 100 mJ-class LIBS laser The laser being used LIBS systems typically use high-energy lasers. Pulse laser, typical wavelength For 1064nm ( Capable of loading other wavelengths , such as 532nm, 355nm, 266nm Etc. 。 Laser Pulse Charge Wide The degree is generally NS Or PS-level , Single-pulse Energy in US, mJ Or J Magnitude Don't (need to) Select different pulse energies and repetition rates depending on whether the substance is solid, liquid, or gaseous. ) 。 |
Portable, compact laser for LIBS applications | 百 mJ-class LIBS laser |
When quantitatively analyzing the content of substances using a LIBS system, attention is paid to the laser's Energy Stability , frequency stability, and Pulse Jitter ( Jitter Value, generally required 1ns ) Set forth stringent requirements. At the same time, the laser is required Externally triggered control ， Control laser pulse output, with Q-switch synchronized to a TTL signal. And With the spectrometer Of Synchronous control.
The following table provides Different solid, liquid, and gaseous states Recommendations for laser parameter selection during LIBS detection. CNI offers a range of laser products with varying energy levels, pulse widths, and repetition rates, including compact, portable, air-cooled models as well as high-energy air-cooled and even higher-power water-cooled options. These lasers boast excellent stability, robust environmental adaptability, reliability, and long operational lifespans. For more details, visit www.cnilaser.com.
Laser Parameter Selection | |||
Solid-State LIBS Detection | Metal sample | High-energy pulsed laser | The sample has good thermal conductivity, provided the laser energy is sufficiently high. |
Non-metallic multi-component sample | Low-frequency, high-energy pulsed laser | The sample is prone to chemical reactions or combustion at high temperatures. | |
Liquid LIBS Detection | Liquid sample | High-energy pulsed laser | Due to the plasma shockwave effect, liquid surface fluctuations affect detection stability. |
Gas-phase LIBS Detection | Gas or aerosol | Low-frequency, high-energy pulsed laser | The gas has a high breakdown threshold, requiring a high-energy laser as the excitation source. |
100 mJ-class LIBS laser The spectrometer being used
In the LIBS system, to ensure that characteristic peaks of different elements are accurately detected, the spectrometer must have high precision. Tall Of Resolution Increasing the resolution means the spectrometer's wavelength measurement range narrows. In such cases, multi-channel spectrometers can be combined to extend the spectral range.
CNI can provide 100 mJ-class LIBS laser System spectrometer, customizable to user needs Customizable with varying channel numbers and spectral ranges Multi-channel spectrometer Built-in synchronization timer ， Supports both internal and external trigger control modes CNI also provides Suitable for Spectral Analysis and LIBS Of Dedicated software For more details, visit www.cnilaser.com.
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Miniature High-Resolution Spectrometer | Multi-channel Fiber Optic Spectrometer |
Here are several common multi-channel solutions. Users can select or customize options based on their specific requirements, such as the desired spectral range and resolution.
Multi-channel Scheme 1 (Spectral Range: 250–1050 nm)
Wavelength range | 250-450nm | 450-650nm | 650-850nm | 850-1050nm |
Resolution | 0.16nm | 0.18nm | 0.2nm | 0.2nm |
Multi-channel Scheme 2 (Spectral Range: 250–650 nm)
Wavelength range | 250-450nm | 450-650nm |
Resolution | 0.16nm | 0.18nm |
Multi-channel Scheme 3 (Spectral Range: 250–645 nm)
Wavelength range | 250-340nm | 340-420nm | 420-645nm |
Resolution | 0.12nm | 0.1nm | 0.18nm |
Multi-channel Scheme 4 (Spectral Range: 249–443 nm)
Wavelength range | 249-284nm | 284-333nm | 333-364nm | 364-404nm | 404-443nm |
Resolution | 0.05nm | 0.05nm | 0.08nm | 0.08nm | 0.08nm |
Common elements of 100 mJ-class LIBS laser Characteristic spectral lines
As a fast, sensitive, and reliable elemental detection technique, LIBS finds extensive applications in areas such as environmental monitoring (e.g., detecting heavy metals in soil, identifying water pollution, and analyzing atmospheric and marine contaminants), metal smelting process control (including ore quality assessment and alloy composition adjustments), materials analysis (such as determining the content of various elements in steel products), food safety (e.g., measuring trace elements in fruits), biomedicine (like quantifying toxins in hair), defense (such as explosives detection), and cultural heritage authentication.
In August 2012, the Mars rover Curiosity successfully landed on Mars. One of its primary missions is to analyze the composition of Martian soil and rocks using LIBS technology—specifically, to detect lightweight elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which could indicate the presence of organic materials on the Red Planet. Curiosity’s onboard LIBS system is equipped with a high-energy nanosecond pulsed laser capable of exciting rock samples into plasma, enabling precise spectral analysis. Data processing for this mission is handled by the Los Alamos National Laboratory in the U.S., which analyzes the spectra transmitted back from the rover to identify the elements present in the rocks and determine their respective concentrations.
The following table lists the LIBS spectral characteristic peaks for selected elements.
LIBS spectral feature peaks of selected elements | |
Element | Typical feature peak / nm |
Na | 588.9 |
Mg | 285.21 |
Al | 396.15 |
Yes | 517.37 |
Ca | 551.3 |
You | 498.17 |
Cr | 425.44 |
Mn | 322.79 |
Fe | 404.58 |
You | 553.4 |
Cu | 570.02 |
Zn | 334.50 |
Pb | 338.28 |
Cd | 260.85 |
Mo | 423.26 |
Ag | 430.02 |
Co | 344.1 |
We measured the LIBS spectrum of a non-environmentally friendly solder and confirmed the presence of Pb inside.
Similarly, when we analyze soil samples contaminated with heavy metals, we can identify the presence of heavy metal pollutants such as Mn and Hg.
LIBS spectrum of non-environmentally friendly solder | LIBS Spectra of Contaminated Soil |
Changchun New Industries Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.
Address: No. 888 Jinhu Road, High-Tech Zone, Changchun, 130103, P.R.China
International Tel:+86-431-85603799
Email: sales@cnilaser.com
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